Attorney General of the United States 美国司法部长；美国总检察长 联邦政府的首席法律官员，同时是司法部的首长，由总统任命而产生。该职位最初由1789年《司法法》〔Judiciary Act〕设立，但直到1814年方成为内阁成员之一。其职权主要是应总统、政府各部首长的要求，为他们提供法律咨询意见；在特别重大案件中代表联邦政府在联邦最高法院出庭参加诉讼等。另每州均有一总检察长〔Attorney General〕，为本州的首席法律官员，负责向州长和政府各部门提供法律咨询和意见。 (→Solicitor General)
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attorney general. The chief law officer of a state or of the United States, responsible for advising the government on legal matters and representing it in litigation. — Abbr. AG. Pl. attorneys general.[Cases: Attorney General 1. C.J.S. Attorney General §§ 2–3.]
attorney general’s opinion. 1. An opinion furnished by the U.S. Attorney General to the President or another executive official on a request concerning a question of law. [Cases: Attorney General 6. C.J.S. Attorney General §§ 7–15.] 2. A written opinion by a state attorney general, usu. given at the request of a public official, interpreting
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opinion of the attorney general 〈美〉总检察长的意见 指总检察长向州政府各部门首长就与其职责相关的法律问题提供的咨询意见。美国总检察长应总统或联邦政府各部门首长的要求也可以就法律问题提供意见。
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Attorney General 〈英〉总检察长 在英格兰，该职位源自中世纪的国王法律代理人〔King’s Attorney〕和国王律师〔King’s Serjeant〕，自1461年起使用该名称，大约在1570年他替代国王律师而成为王室的首席法律顾问，至今如此。他同时还是法律界的领袖。通常他都是下议院的议员和枢密院成员，但并不一定是内阁成员。其主要职责包括为王室、政府、上议院的特权委员会、御前大臣〔Lord Chancellor〕提供法律咨询，代表王室起诉和应诉等。凡由王室提起或对王室提起的民事诉讼均可由总检察长代替有关的政府部门提起或者对总检察长而非有关的政府部门提起。诉讼开始后，也可以由总检察长代替有关政府部门参加诉讼。此外，他还可依职权以国家的名义在高等法院王座庭提起刑事指控。
private-attorney-general doctrine. The equitable principle that allows the recovery of attorney’s fees to a party who brings a lawsuit that benefits a significant number of people, requires private enforcement, and is important to society as a whole. [Cases: Costs 194.42; Federal Civil Procedure 2737. 2. C.J.S. Costs § 130.]
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A power of attorney that authorizes an agent to transact business for the principal. Cf. special power of attorney. [Cases: Principal and Agent 97. C.J.S. Agency §§ 150–152.]
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attorney-general’s bill 〈美〉总检察长起诉书 指不需先向治安法官提出控告并交法院处理，而是经法院同意直接呈交给大陪审团的起诉书〔indictment〕。
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private attorneys general 〈美〉共同私人代理人 提起集团诉讼，特别是有关生态环境，为保护公众权利，为自己并代表他人提起诉讼的公民。联邦最高法院并不鼓励这种诉讼。
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power of attorney. 1. An instrument granting someone authority to act as agent or attorney-in-fact for the grantor. • An ordinary power of attorney is revocable and automatically terminates upon the death or incapacity of the principal. — Also termed letter of attorney. [Cases: Principal and Agent 51.] 2. The authority so granted; specif., the